This code sample is adapted from Clifford B. Anderson and Joseph C. Wicentowski, XQuery for Humanists (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2020), 151-152. Download this code sample in its raw form. View the source on GitHub.

xquery version "3.1";

let $countries :=
    map {
        "eastern": ["China", "Russia", "Japan"],
        "western": ["Mexico", "Canada", "United States"]
    }
let $eastern := array:append($countries("eastern"), "Indonesia")
return
    map:put($countries, "eastern", $eastern)